Complete and Draft Genome Sequences of Nine Lactobacillus sakei Strains Selected from the Three Known Phylogenetic Lineages and Their Main Clonal Complexes

5 years 10 months ago
Loux, V. ; Coeuret, G. ; Zagorec, M. ; Champomier-Verges, M.-C. ; Chaillou, S.
Genome Announcements, 2018, 6 (16) : 3 p.
Article
Pièces jointes : Genome Announc.-2018-Loux-.pdf
We present here the complete and draft genome sequences of nine Lactobacillus sakei strains, selected from the entire range of clonal complexes from the three known lineages of the species. The strains were chosen to provide a wide view of pangenomic and plasmidic diversity for this important foodborne species.

Phages infecting Faecalibacterium prausnitzii belong to novel viral genera that help to decipher intestinal viromes

5 years 10 months ago
Cornuault, J. ; Petit, M. A. ; Mariadassou, M. ; De Jesus Benevides, L. ; Moncaut, E. ; Langella, P. ; Sokol, H. ; De Paepe, M.
Microbiome, 2018, 6 (1) : 14 p.
Article
Pièces jointes : 2018_Cornuault_Microbiome.pdf
Background: Viral metagenomic studies have suggested a role for bacteriophages in intestinal dysbiosis associated with several human diseases. However, interpretation of viral metagenomic studies is limited by the lack of knowledge of phages infecting major human gut commensal bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a bacterial symbiont repeatedly found depleted in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. In particular, no complete genomes of phages infecting F. prausnitzii are present in viral databases. Methods: We identified 18 prophages in 15 genomes of F. prausnitzii, used comparative genomics to define eight phage clades, and annotated the genome of the type phage of each clade. For two of the phages, we studied prophage induction in vitro and in vivo in mice. Finally, we aligned reads from already published viral metagenomic data onto the newly identified phages. Results: We show that each phage clade represents a novel viral genus and that a surprisingly large fraction of them (10 of the 18 phages) codes for a diversity-generating retroelement, which could contribute to their adaptation to the digestive tract environment. We obtained either experimental or in silico evidence of activity for at least one member of each genus. In addition, four of these phages are either significantly more prevalent or more abundant in stools of IBD patients than in those of healthy controls. Conclusion: Since IBD patients generally have less F. prausnitzii in their microbiota than healthy controls, the higher prevalence or abundance of some of its phages may indicate that they are activated during disease. This in turn suggests that phages could trigger or aggravate F. prausnitzii depletion in patients. Our results show that prophage detection in sequenced strains of the microbiota can usefully complement viral metagenomic studies.

Genomic diversity and evolution of the fish pathogen flavobacterium psychrophilum

5 years 11 months ago
Duchaud, E. ; Rochat, T. ; Habib, C. ; Barbier, P. ; Loux, V. ; Guerin, C. ; Dalsgaard, I. ; Madsen, L. ; Nilsen, H. ; Sundell, K. ; Wiklund, T. ; Strepparava, N. ; Wahli, T. ; Caburlotto, G. ; Manfrin, A. ; Wiens, G. D. ; Fujiwara-Nagata, E. ; Avendano-Herrera, R. ; Bernardet, J. F. ; Nicolas, P.
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018, 9 : 1-20.
Article
Pièces jointes : Frontiers in Microbiology.pdf
Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the etiological agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome and bacterial cold-water disease in salmonid fish, is currently one of the main bacterial pathogens hampering the productivity of salmonid farming worldwide. In this study, the genomic diversity of the F. psychrophilum species is analyzed using a set of 41 genomes, including 30 newly sequenced isolates. These were selected on the basis of available MLST data with the two-fold objective of maximizing the coverage of the species diversity and of allowing a focus on the main clonal complex (CC-ST10) infecting farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) worldwide. The results reveal a bacterial species harboring a limited genomic diversity both in terms of nucleotide diversity, with similar to 0.3% nucleotide divergence inside CDSs in pairwise genome comparisons, and in terms of gene repertoire, with the core genome accounting for similar to 80% of the genes in each genome. The pan-genome seems nevertheless "open" according to the scaling exponent of a power-law fitted on the rate of new gene discovery when genomes are added one-by-one. Recombination is a key component of the evolutionary process of the species as seen in the high level of apparent homoplasy in the core genome. Using a Hidden Markov Model to delineate recombination tracts in pairs of closely related genomes, the average recombination tract length was estimated to similar to 4.0 Kbp and the typical ratio of the contributions of recombination and mutations to nucleotide-level differentiation (r/m) was estimated to similar to 13. Within CC-ST10, evolutionary distances computed on non-recombined regions and comparisons between 22 isolates sampled up to 27 years apart suggest a most recent common ancestor in the second half of the nineteenth century in North America with subsequent diversification and transmission of this clonal complex coinciding with the worldwide expansion of rainbow trout farming. With the goal to promote the development of tools for the genetic manipulation of F. psychrophilum, a particular attention was also paid to plasmids. Their extraction and sequencing to completion revealed plasmid diversity that remained hidden to classical plasmid profiling due to size similarities.

Unprecedented large inverted repeats at the replication terminus of circular bacterial chromosomes suggest a novel mode of chromosome rescue

6 years ago
El Kafsi, H. ; Loux, V. ; Mariadassou, M. ; Blin, C. ; Chiapello, H. ; Abraham, A.-L. ; Maguin, E. ; Van De Guchte, M.
Scientific Reports, 2017, 7
Article
Pièces jointes : srep44331.pdf
The first Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus genome sequence revealed the presence of a very large inverted repeat (IR), a DNA sequence arrangement which thus far seemed inconceivable in a non-manipulated circular bacterial chromosome, at the replication terminus. This intriguing observation prompted us to investigate if similar IRs could be found in other bacteria. IRs with sizes varying from 38 to 76 kbp were found at the replication terminus of all 5 L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus chromosomes analysed, but in none of 1373 other chromosomes. They represent the first naturally occurring very large IRs detected in circular bacterial genomes. A comparison of the L. bulgaricus replication terminus regions and the corresponding regions without IR in 5 L. delbrueckii ssp. lactis genomes leads us to propose a model for the formation and evolution of the IRs. The DNA sequence data are consistent with a novel model of chromosome rescue after premature replication termination or irreversible chromosome damage near the replication terminus, involving mechanisms analogous to those proposed in the formation of very large IRs in human cancer cells. We postulate that the L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus-specific IRs in different strains derive from a single ancestral IR of at least 93 kbp.

FROGS: Find, Rapidly, OTUs with Galaxy Solution

6 years 1 month ago
Escudie, F. ; Auer, L. ; Bernard, M. ; Mariadassou, M. ; Cauquil, L. ; Vidal, K. ; Maman Haddad, S. ; Hernandez-Raquet, G. ; Combes, S. ; Pascal, G.
Bioinformatics, 2018, 34 (8) : 1287-1294.
Article
Motivation: Metagenomics leads to major advances in microbial ecology and biologists need user friendly tools to analyze their data on their own. Results: This Galaxy-supported pipeline, called FROGS, is designed to analyze large sets of amplicon sequences and produce abundance tables of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and their taxonomic affiliation. The clustering uses Swarm. The chimera removal uses VSEARCH, combined with original cross-sample validation. The taxonomic affiliation returns an innovative multi-affiliation output to highlight databases conflicts and uncertainties. Statistical results and numerous graphical illustrations are produced along the way to monitor the pipeline. FROGS was tested for the detection and quantification of OTUs on real and in silico datasets and proved to be rapid, robust and highly sensitive. It compares favorably with the widespread mothur, UPARSE and QIIME.

Transcriptomic response of Debaryomyces hansenii during mixed culture in a liquid model cheese medium with Yarrowia lipolytica

6 years 2 months ago
Malek, R. ; Bonnarme, P. ; Irlinger, F. ; Frey-Klett, P. ; Onesime, D. ; Aubert, J. ; Loux, V. ; Beckerich, J.-M.
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2018, 264 : 53-62.
Article
Yeasts play a crucial role in cheese ripening. They contribute to the curd deacidification, the establishment of acid-sensitive bacterial communities, and flavour compounds production via proteolysis and catabolism of amino acids (AA). Negative yeast-yeast interaction was observed between the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica 1E07 (YL1E07) and the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii 1L25 (DH1L25) in a model cheese but need elucidation. YL1E07 and DH1L25 were cultivated in mono and co-cultures in a liquid synthetic medium (SM) mimicking the cheese environment and the growth inhibition of DH1L25 in the presence of YL1E07 was reproduced. We carried out microbiological, biochemical (lactose, lactate, AA consumption and ammonia production) and transcriptomic analyses by microarray technology to highlight the interaction mechanisms. We showed that the DH1L25 growth inhibition in the presence of YL1E07 was neither due to the ammonia production nor to the nutritional competition for the medium carbon sources between the two yeasts. The transcriptomic study was the key toward the comprehension of yeast-yeast interaction, and revealed that the inhibition of DH1L25 in co-culture is due to a decrease of the mitochondrial respiratory chain functioning.

Unraveling the evolution and coevolution of small regulatory RNAs and coding genes in Listeria

6 years 3 months ago
Cerutti, F. ; Mallet, L. ; Painset, A. ; Hoede, C. ; Moisan, A. ; Becavin, C. ; Duval, M. ; Dussurget, O. ; Cossart, P. ; Gaspin, C. ; Chiapello, H.
BMC Genomics, 2017, 18 (882)
Article
Pièces jointes : Unraveling the evolution and coevolution of small regulatory RNAs and coding genes in Listeria.pdf
Background: Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are widely found in bacteria and play key roles in many important physiological and adaptation processes. Studying their evolution and screening for events of coevolution with other genomic features is a powerful way to better understand their origin and assess a common functional or adaptive relationship between them. However, evolution and coevolution of sRNAs with coding genes have been sparsely investigated in bacterial pathogens. Results: We designed a robust and generic phylogenomics approach that detects correlated evolution between sRNAs and protein-coding genes using their observed and inferred patterns of presence-absence in a set of annotated genomes. We applied this approach on 79 complete genomes of the Listeria genus and identified fifty-two accessory sRNAs, of which most were present in the Listeria common ancestor and lost during Listeria evolution. We detected significant coevolution between 23 sRNA and 52 coding genes and inferred the Listeria sRNA-coding genes coevolution network. We characterized a main hub of 12 sRNAs that coevolved with genes encoding cell wall proteins and virulence factors. Among them, an sRNA specific to L. monocytogenes species, rli133, coevolved with genes involved either in pathogenicity or in interaction with host cells, possibly acting as a direct negative post-transcriptional regulation. Conclusions: Our approach allowed the identification of candidate sRNAs potentially involved in pathogenicity and host interaction, consistent with recent findings on known pathogenicity actors. We highlight four sRNAs coevolving with seven internalin genes, some of which being important virulence factors in Listeria.

The bacterial interlocked process ONtology (BiPON): a systemic multi-scale unified representation of biological processes in prokaryotes

6 years 3 months ago
Henry, V. J. ; Goelzer, A. ; Ferré, A. ; Fischer, S. ; Dinh, M. ; Loux, V. ; Froidevaux ; Fromion, V.
Journal of Biomedical Semantics, 2017, 8 (53) : 16 pages.
Article
Pièces jointes : Henry_et_al-2017-Journal_of_Biomedical_Semantics.pdf
Background: High-throughput technologies produce huge amounts of heterogeneous biological data at all cellular levels. Structuring these data together with biological knowledge is a critical issue in biology and requires integrative tools and methods such as bio-ontologies to extract and share valuable information. In parallel, the development of recent whole-cell models using a systemic cell description opened alternatives for data integration. Integrating a systemic cell description within a bio-ontology would help to progress in whole-cell data integration and modeling synergistically. Results: We present BiPON, an ontology integrating a multi-scale systemic representation of bacterial cellular processes. BiPON consists in of two sub-ontologies, bioBiPON and modelBiPON. bioBiPON organizes the systemic description of biological information while modelBiPON describes the mathematical models (including parameters) associated with biological processes. bioBiPON and modelBiPON are related using bridge rules on classes during automatic reasoning. Biological processes are thus automatically related to mathematical models. 37% of BiPON classes stem from different well-established bio-ontologies, while the others have been manually defined and curated. Currently, BiPON integrates the main processes involved in bacterial gene expression processes. Conclusions: BiPON is a proof of concept of the way to combine formally systems biology and bio-ontology. The knowledge formalization is highly flexible and generic. Most of the known cellular processes, new participants or new mathematical models could be inserted in BiPON. Altogether, BiPON opens up promising perspectives for knowledge integration and sharing and can be used by biologists, systems and computational biologists, and the emerging community of whole-cell modeling.

PhylOligo: a package to identify contaminant or untargeted organism sequences in genome assemblies

6 years 5 months ago
Mallet, L. ; Bitard-Feildel, T. ; Cerutti, F. ; Chiapello, H.
Bioinformatics, 2017, 33 (20) : 3283 - 3285.
Article
Pièces jointes : PhylOligo a package to identify contaminant or untargetatd organism sequences in genome assemblies.pdf
Motivation: Genome sequencing projects sometimes uncover more organisms than expected, especially for complex and/or non-model organisms. It is therefore useful to develop software to identify mix of organisms from genome sequence assemblies. Results: Here we present PhylOligo, a new package including tools to explore, identify and extract organism-specific sequences in a genome assembly using the analysis of their DNA compositional characteristics.